chapter 2.pdf

uluInn:ruudalilnnollrlurirduril6rdu uiudxnruriaurro{'landxa.!:yFr6'uorrlmiqdr?ntird!rT{ fitflurfiulflntlrdq1uq2u nluuon hjififinrl:yfiuto.:nrrlrTunlfiurloi'r rtu6onrrlriunrnruluo'o1oor:lirirurouthfi {roriotorr iu anrnrlarlnqjiurJarrf, n rfl un niid*r'fluud,1Qnrolr ;uu!o{rfiu1dorn n?1xrilurfl:u!6nrai n'ldfinar:Lrlrurfludu16u:riufiunarlrflu ll, Av da a I ahtrd 4[::l,ou-r{rvror.l ,2n0n t!1o{flu!-ldfinaruq1!rniu fl?1tJll1.l1 n?lu11!il'i n?lrlu onllunl:nin l:nrl:ve1fl ltnvnrtdlfr?nru [[1rin: vn luoon'hJnlolriunr11tiiiuo ti1'l dtiu'lfi riAa--t-.itilourqfl rv n'lrrJrRE unfr tt u oc n nrutf,udqdou0tl o.tfillljln I q[[u unv?unn cr{d{fl4 tu{eio}Jq!f,rynrqtnrilnru I:ntYu'l{16ueirr1 d4nn^no{6'ui6ri'.:nriqnf,l nl:rr rtavilEUrlqrlnrr{6nfi1u.:eiolJqiilrynrf,rnl :trrilnarlrdol'lvr:lmrlfiat::l uauanlflInn16inffi6uturu'[rJnfoltiunlrrrrdo!fl orutoliotus::rLfiol6u4 tv 1-"-.J-. -r-sg^-----inl:tlti{ttt n]ttnunllJUu tlosolnl:n'l{ dl lll'lrtfi2"llJtl'lultnn? llllJlu u{llllguxlYlluf,n.tdrnil!tdo!to{qolntvtiin rdu nt:ttn j:su1n1o.:u1ldllel^a or-rru11tr1notirIdrrJ:varuriu}ltirLflqrrorrrgrntlr, rrrln?t!ro;qotirlcriulnrilrtilnrrrufiraurtrmrla d' ia h /q I LiuurrranS rrcin?rtJriofi-o{!'!lullau-[dufl ld9l: tul uuunl{cl narll ::cu1n0u1.: t:tutuuurr'{n'irluo6nuavqnritLrl{rilurn6oliououturtor :slulrfttndlnnrn'ou:nrdrddlnuriuctiu (tvtodem society) nurilrnruflrfiudurdu6'uRllrrl2r!rriquavrJ:vduJn::llrrir 6'rrfluldrun:urli.:'irnruroiqfi',rrlrJriuornrhJ{nlu.i ., L c' t 'l ' J"a , ir ---.------.riln'rnilnforrtncR?1!fJxffrJU:0i Itnfliuf]1a[?a1fl]u!1u1ulJulJtull1n1{dl Yl?{?{lJ1flufl?1riroirgtfiaurhfirJ:rn0oon!rnonr:tu,n'udu nrndru6r6ou:rrac lr vfiRlflu {n2lut4"ltluuruiui'eOrdu nun:uyi.rfl?rl,fiirorrrrru natutflufltrri ?rn flat?uqn#lutolrl?llJtoirgtfirnrirriu fi6oe nrnrdouto.rd.rnldlrlurio{orflu durlro6riursriutold'iurnds!- ^lo i c. t ,tt tt ! ' ----. --'-.P^^^-^?^-.^^ruos ilruln:!::!lln B{luSqniUllqs01l1(i,od Jr1u1 aul '11 fl ?1uln: Eufl1?1'1u110 {o'r:u!:r!dri1u!rri.rulonaonqnariulrri riur6nornntuu?urif,li "n1:r{ruurfialtlilrgnr": s rrllfi : u ! n' otru u{ u u' u! ri o d1lu rir.r cn r: : u fi t z In ui 1 n rildu drj lei odr u/ aa I !:ruoucf!:J:0rlq1dYrt:11u llaroRdYlttlo.ttl4 alrluu'l.l clulJ aluu01u10lo.lutcl'lYu H'lu- ) eroigurnfrrrt rnn ruYrul o{ :srliu ilfinnl: liti1u 1n10{: ! lt4u 0fl lnu1ntr ltuu.l{lfl:!rfl :! ! 6ordiluruuuYluu'u1l{ri orn'n qnl n r : oiraiu^ol 6o tor{u 6o n (John Locke, t loo) rinr.lilqul ?d'tnq!)^ :-. , e a arduoHn {1uB'rIdltudliEuio !t!il10Y|u01u 1ni1flo llnvnl: ilo.lnuf,YMo.:u n[nnxu n0!"1sfiu an'vrr (Adam smith, l?32-1790) fnilirrglnl?dnonuaud {iltrruanau6ato{f;on!'tr0lu rfl'm!ru1u[[u?R?r!An rrnl:rn'oltJflrcrflurtu?6nil1{tfl:!J6orJ:rnglurri.:do mewealth of Nations Inurfiu'i1nlruti{rirno.:arn 1illdrintrnn1:f,&flxl-r'uYlo'l ttcitn'ntrntflnlonrab{iloronru n6srfiudr uinr:unvdottuodr.:tei (Laissez-Faire) ttutn'nto'tau'vrtdlid'nuorc rfluraiu'u!yl1{ rf,: uI6n (Economic Liberalism) rion a rnfifinr:uril{urai (rreetr,tarteo (rlEoi tr us, 2554 | 70-73) t2rioui4nr:rJ6i6qne.'rn::rouird, ttuaFnto.t o6'l al'vrr ldriorurnarln'nrros:rnlrunarlrdolunr:udlriunr.:tf,:ul6rrruurai firir1#urluri'irrfludolriflurflnunrflrio'lnurol1# .6n'ir'{du1u1n1dru uavn.r'[riarlr:oiln'rct'ldrau'jrdrrreirriu 'ldriluu: ufind'uh?lqudnururrttorryuct : : urrn' riolflrFnnr:il6^io'qnellxn: l !rlnttYrnlulaifi14udruirui , a ; t , q- -!-- ! A !e. - -tiion?1!do.:nltxolrllqsli lYl!q.tluoullnlnlun2tl?oluu ltnua!orquufl fl u'lnrruaur:nlunr: nint ornu ldotir.:rfiusltotiunrudolnr: (Demand) udr "nr:rr{ldu& a I ^ i, h Y A'a'4 .. r..1. 4-!-.*-.otirlrei" r u6ntuelnan llo.tllu?nnYl?1 l,quurn1lrlnornl: Yl luduqn n{uu 0{nlluudo.t1#yl:-flurn:iiio{otjNirfin hiirJ:vfivrfnrrltiodlririiqn rdoe uo':narudo'rnr:duhjduqntorrrlu,il#ldurndqn riu6o{lnatrLr:nn6nfiudr'ldurnloul{vrfirtrrn:rloun'jrrju{r {rfu6orld:-unarl:v'lutriolnnolR:rnr!rnn'ir{rrrilrriu flmivlufiulrrurd'r16l, ; a 4 y e c ie.(classic) rflu:suu4uu=olttuutrirfrtonvuuiourulu[t]ulilxo{u0nunltHan Itu flnurr , a .-[[:'r.r]u Iu laur][iJ]firJluflofi lrYllnl t:e{qn nu{unlqnn r : tlu n u n q fi i r dr o r r: I 6 I q n t o.t : u u il qi u fr n : 2 1 a t o'r u' : n'u i n n ri r hio o tiuf,oo (ronn Locke) nulu'urisafilnng:l6.rqnmr'rfi'rn1Inui1ru6nfidrfi'tg'jr 111urilu1rurfirfluarrf,ntol#.rfl!uJiuiltdfiouovno:., (Atom) dlrilurlriaurf,nfiqnlo'1dfll: (uatter) drr:Jiul'ldriudsnllrlutl nr:fidlnlrir:,ro{odrlrJnn'qtriurjrovitr:l6lqnnruludlnlrurlutifrlnrirr uavu:.r6.rqnrfunr:nvrflufl?u.t1utrfiilttlutririrunu (Self-interest) ru'oltrn4nnurn:.:n?rrr'lilrfun'rluiinrrnsnintifiu lnnu6luo!un61u1n1o{eluriauruill#:-gtioe dt 9 s ;, . aa e ?a . e .. 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I Au1?ulu ua!fid tfitu Rltlta[:{rluQn Yr.r cl lruYlouYl[1'lulvdrJnunl:uqnYlto1111t tuil:vrvracir.: 1 rirvlnrprlon !rnflrdi6'{nrir?{xdu acfioul#r#uodxdnrouo'rrdumr.:fiefir narlrn^u'lntorrluu'u!'jrrrrotnnt:lnintorinroruJiuulil'jrorrfluurlutidrufiui - -j d' , .l qy .! c Jq - i:?uri{n1:rJnin!::xrlnrl unulut?n'u0{f,:: fl.! nlu tnnlludlJltu! tunl:flnnmflunq!rlou4ntrnrflurdrtorflofrunr:na^srunuililrdAu lqudo:rw'irErnuaixnarinniofiurirhJurnrvir'l:rt160.rnun.r fl oHAnriluxol{6ulrjldriluto{rrr fla anrrolttrtolndunnqorrir4t t d, a !- C. v , an?lulljuuuu uil0 {lti1 [tJu0dtvtln[11 llngrylu {!1[UuflgrIr { nu tx 1n ?u lH.t.tluHdalu t4(capitar) gri'[irnuldrfluurovlu nfiunnrflurratolrlu qudrfionanfintoltt:wrundulrri,:iyuu:llru d6on.,|rdrt1",igfl anEilriln?r!rfl uUqudlnur.ronnerrolnu gnnarufi nto.tdrro.rrilril6aro,:alr umrn rfioNnr.r6nro.rrLrlurinarurflufi.:anqrurirnrr!rflu!qudnnrurfluf,nglollqud fitiorLnurun.lrudru'jrtoryfininfiudrlorUrludfi6rf,.rrnrfi.rd.ranqnrrirarrlrflulrls t to{tlrtoq tn: rsnan6et6onat?u1o{n1: oontt: lritlrutollqu tl rdonanfiet6ofilnnqorrirnrrlrflulqutl u:llrufioon'hJlunr:rirnan6nfitiolrflufi'ranqorrirnrrlrflulquddru !runrr!.jrn^on::unr:ninro{Llr{ut nnrurflufirfianqorrirnarlrfluuqutlfiuro.r n.'rd,,roo,unuurqudnarurflufilanqorrirnrrlrflulrluri nlronrrl'ir lrludrirfieroq aor;orrirn erl rflurLrlu rldru6'rrrol6'aros (Self-alienation) durol nr0ld:cIUn::lfi vri'dnunrjlriotr4nrrnrfl urfirtolilo{unr:nao rLqu6hitdrirsruh?6:ro{ n6'urfl unr:ritru}i{du dlrflufier;rtr (uruyl1fl rdrlo{fifiu uruylu) lunr:fir'rrutollrlutl'Iil'[drirlr?eirroluoh rreinf,rLrJfrret6'aro.t {iunarurflunr:qnri.rrirlririluflud{1unsrflufion::l6a:rfilquddrruorol rflulauUruto.:!r1ud rfluf;in.uo.r!qud rrunfiunarorflufirfi6rdo$irru'0l#ifiufif;ino{ drdrrflufiic,rrfloi.: (ur {{1u) 6rrJ:rngrflurfiuriinr:(veans) r$iol#ifiieroqjld tofiftr fiutrau, zs+z)nruld:vuuquuuL, fl ?1rrf,rlfiuf,:vNixrLqudflqnn:vmrL datrrrqurililrfi uurluri{6urfluUqsd ueino'ur11u!quti{6urflurfiulu:l.lru riorflurfiu':flof,unr:Ho'gtodr.tu ur l rdu 16 u e rir rn io r ff n : vi r rfu u q u dair,r v1 u l#u r u 4 u *da n du rfl u r r au r u q unrrldrLn'uf,:srirllrlutifiufirilgnunrilnnrurflunarudur{ud:su'hlinqfirtol lquti1tr{erqfilto.t (commodity Fetishism) rrnvlolqlqud{u'rr',,g''u,t1u'orlldlr(uf,vrr'l,lrfl:u!fiifiunurvilriu (ondu tiuttau, zs+z)loutqilrcodr{0{ rl'oeiolrqufi ul'ldafiln':rrLrnulrdul''o''nnr:n:v{unr:uilnntol{nurirlon (Consumption or Demand-sid.) dl6orflunr:noUfluo{fiion:v{ufiraalowrlurl flrurrduilnnfiu! rirl#rfionr:r1ilnnfiduriu (over Consumption) rfindururiueilurl:srvrrfiurnou uflttrilunriunufiurnou d'lunno{nruldomt^natolna'ln4ufiulriu6o nr:IEsfl1 nr:u;lnnto{{nuluqnflo1riu'hjlrirfiolrfissrouduo{flun?1udoanl:yrr{druf;anrrryirriu ueirNqHard'nfidr6'19lunr:uilnn 6o ulrodolnr:uanrrJ'ruvvn{rf,ruJ-d.rfl! vrfnurn:fiiqturitxln!1uln 1u1l{ilfinfiudrr!lJrflou 16nqnrYrfi'ul#truru:s{ruru:rsfir{r.rqnuav'hido,rdlud;d6n1: rfinlu{uriuulruuinr:mrlrnflrfiulru:rvdornr:rirn^u}ldoln:fivrrir'o6o{u1nri nr:l#Gurie.rur?rr.iru:vurfiu16ofirdoriruaol#inr:uilnnrfirduldodrrhiiin{r,inri'r t finrr!a1r,1:olunr:?t1:ruldiirfin tfludu doryadolfiu qJYrlorqb(E:.:d rru:rl:vta51, zs+r : 229-232) LY'a1u62u60{ri1ulqn1: YluYl?u?11uuu! nru'l lnntJ qin r u tfi rn rir f,.:6u tio n r ou v fi u urij,l, a r-- -tl----uur6onuriotu.tnd.r6u : rJfi ffi uruovnuln'ualdhurlufi alo , i - 'e a ---J . I '.'.. *-.lurir.rrrorfi rluuulerno{luinqn't:-mtr ttarnndltirorllrnlruhj'jtovrtru- d e a s ' ' e!- -- !' r "'1'-ilqrrdlurn6ou ntrctioun:son [nfl50u ,iur:: urlnYltfln i1nultto10{uquu n1:nn11ntAa 3 A 4 - -i-- e i.. !.-- -r----5n:lrirrrqu ufrminrtulutt: llrnx liou cl R?1!t no!01Yl1llf,:ul flnYlux ?u nvut lnA- f A ,o q . ,r { ! .r_.. ___.=-{-.-.^.inrouiu n::!dnilui]iiunl: an'ilu?u!lflnnoqtu!oflud?uu0u nl:lnntulo{'Jctaad-rtqnfllxn::ulrf o!d'unr: ri! dnruto'rRlntnun:fl: I u Gl,'lltlu?glxlnti o'lnud?u tl'ltut0{ tnn(ofiioriurrau,2547:3t2-315)ordn:rrncfnirtnr:ifiuquu'01ldtsoun'l11lfiu1ur dnsnol{inq6nfvrDrto{Iuu'u! drunr:tduottuafinrio.r nr:risrurfifrldu (SustainableDevelopment) lutosrdurfiu rinitrnr:luifi un:{r11!nn'uirn:rvri'ir nrruf,lduor,6ndulrjldnruldi6luu'uu fiafi.rnrrurn'uirrrildildaunr:aval}ilqudnonqun'rnauarl#iin'lnunr:rJrl.riracn?1! *J{6u' (Sustainable) rfludrfi rfiuInd (Meadows, rszzl rirlrldeilrldqn- A u4 d YYrfl?::! 1980 ?r d'{ nlnti!n: vr'lu n6{ n ?1! dlnfu1,o{Y|511U1fl: !:: lll lnUAV d {ll'ln n 0!s , d A ia i c i Y i r 'i-RltJ d'{n lniorfr0ni{frrn=nn1:[dorj [Yl:x10{Yliv{ulntt: lrlxlntlos f,{tl?naouYlur ln0ogYl?a v ' ' ;' I AylnB!-n1n1o'!-[nn 01nn r:uudu6?uYlq!aYl1.t'rmu1f,ldn:fl1uR11lYl?1n?UnAmd0{1 0{v{n?g|:nltuiou (Second Law of Thermodynami"sl f irdlunqan 123n?1u'iu?1u (Law of Entropy)oiuru'irnarlju?ruto{nfrr{ruIrosddl:irteinstAldutrvrufiosnonl ]nud.ruunrinduorndldGt,n'ir nr:tu1u6?nion?1![niruYllrlfltu! 6o (Economic Growttr) (on'fu riuttou,25+z ,649)arrcJrio rie ttas 5n1i ln (Malthus, 1766-1834. Ricardo, 1772-1823) untfl:s!fl1dn:narfl An ot'uro'jr:surra: un6ofi uur1fil1u:vucurrdovo{'lucnravnr:n.rdr (stationarystate) lnufinuciauluqjarlr:orir:tino{'ldrfiul:s6'ufirfiu{flortrinr:f,{f;il (Subsistencet-evet) rrirriu tfrio.:trnnntolnr: rn'ldutolrJ:vrrn: fir ?ari?n'ito'n: rnr:rfilduto{o1l'11:riruooriu aflrin fiad (uitl John stuan, tssg, dr't6.:ornofifu r{utrau, 2541 :2711in ru rfi u'it dR lrv n r r n { fi ?riu ri r o, rfl u an r rv fi r1 na u o {6 6u 6 o rn nr : : c u ru fi u drA a taaa rlt la!,a i o e Yqndr nrr! rfiosornijniiilfrinodluqnx0{nr:rJfrifiqnarrn::lfiaur:nn6nnudrrrar- :. J " - h, - I r'tn1lrfl !iu luon: 1[t.r rJ: tnorflu6.:nquldturuorsrrunl'hlrTr]15ornnr:iinqAil:rflrQn (on'fu fiu n elu,2547 : 649-650)rnarl:vlurri l6R?lrJ Urutro': dR 1?s nt: R{6?rr o.ttfl:u! 6nfifntfl:uIflldn{fl41f,finot'urtl6su s. 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